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Uki Uki NihonGO + Culture! - Lesson 17 - Basic Sentence Structure

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ウキウキ NihonGO! Lesson #17 Basic Sentence Structure
Welcome to Uki Uki NihonGO! + Culture
Today, we are answering the most commonly-asked question: how to make a sentence in Japanese!
All you need is 3 easy steps:
Step 1) Identify the TYPES of words
* Time: words that give you a sense of time (e.g. Monday, Christmas, birthday, 6pm, 2014, September, etc.)
* Place: words that indicate a location of action (e.g. home, airport, restaurant, 2FL, library, Japan, etc.)
* Verb: words that indicate action (e.g. eat, study, walk, etc.)
* Companion: with someone (e.g. with friends, with dad, etc.)
* Topic: similar to “Subject” in English. Usually comes at the beginning of a sentence.
* Object: the thing directly affected by the verb. Usually comes right after the verb in English.
Let’s apply these to a sentence:
e.g. I(topic) ate(verb) lunch(object) with my friend(companion) at a restaurant(place) on Sunday(time).
Step 2) Use the PARTICLE COMBOS!
Particles are tiny little words with a very important grammar function. It’s thanks to particles that a bunch of words can turn into a cohesive sentence. Particles attach to the end of words based on the TYPE of those words like this:
Topic+は, Time+に, Place+で, Object+を, and Companion+と
(Verb has no particle, and it always comes at the end of a sentence.)
Step 3) Final step - Assemble the puzzle!
The word order of a Japanese sentence is very flexible as long as the verb comes at the end. But that said, there is a standard sentence structure. It’s extremely useful to know, so try to memorize this the best you can:
1. Topicは 2. Timeに 3. Companionと 4. Placeで 5. Objectを 6. Verb
e.g. わたしは(topic) にちようびに(time) ともだちと(companion) レストランで(place) ひるごはんを(object) たべました(verb)。
BONUS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS!
1. I watched Guardians of the Galaxy with my girlfriend in Times Square at 7:00.
わたしは しちじに かのじょと Times Squareで Guardians of the Galaxyを みました。
(Watashi wa shichiji ni kanojo to Taimuzu Sukuea de Gaadianzu obu za Gyarakushii o mimashita.
2. I don’t drink coffee at night.
わたしは よるに コーヒーを のみません。
(Watashi wa yoru ni koohii o nomimasen.)
3. I want to see cherry blossoms in Kyoto in the spring.
わたしは はるに きょうとで さくらを みたいです。
(Watashi wa haru ni Kyouto de sakura o mitai desu.)
Hope you enjoyed this video! ☺
Please let us know what you think in the comments below.
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Music by: Soichiro Migita
Category
ドキュメンタリー - Documentary
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